E.g., “They keep giving the same argument”. Cases of ambiguity, but not troublesome: Test 1. Equivocation. Arthur washed the car. John lubricated the car. Here the first is about the outside, the second is about the engine. John went to the bank. … (Abstract object and speech act) not odd, so not ambiguous. Test 4: No clear literal meaning. The argument was difficult. (the speech act … to read it, understand it? or the abstract object … to follow it?) … …

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The NonSequitur » OSSA Day 3: Arguments as Abstract Objects